有三个线程t1,t2,t3如何保证顺序执行?
✅有三个线程T1,T2,T3如何保证顺序执行?
典型回答
想要让三个线程依次执行,并且严格按照T1,T2,T3的顺序的话,主要就是想办法让三个线程之间可以通信、或者可以排队。
想让多个线程之间可以通信,可以通过join方法实现,还可以通过CountDownLatch、CyclicBarrier和Semaphore来实现通信。
想要让线程之间排队的话,可以通过线程池或者CompletableFuture的方式来实现。扩展知识
依次执行start方法
在代码中,分别依次调用三个线程的start方法,这种方法是最容易想到的,但是也是最不靠谱的。
代码实现如下,通过执行的话可以发现,数据结果是不固定的:
public static void main(String[] args) {
Thread thread1 = new Thread(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
System.out.println("Thread 1 running");
}
});
Thread thread2 = new Thread(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
System.out.println("Thread 2 running");
}
});
Thread thread3 = new Thread(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
System.out.println("Thread 3 running");
}
});
thread1.start();
thread2.start();
thread3.start();
}
以上代码的数据结果每次执行都不固定,所以,没办法满足我们的要求。
使用join
Thread类中提供了一个join方法,他的有以下代码:
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
Thread thread1 = new Thread(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
try {
Thread.sleep(10000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println("Thread 1 running");
}
});
thread1.start();
System.out.println("Main 1 running");
}
输出结果会是:
Main 1 running
Thread 1 running
但是,如果我们在上面的第15行,增加一行thread1.join(); 那么输出结果就会有变化,如下:
Thread 1 running
Main 1 running
所以,join就是把thread1这个子线程加入到当前主线程中,也就是主线程要阻塞在这里,等子线程执行完之后再继续执行。
所以,我们可以通过join来实现多个线程的顺序执行:
public static void main(String[] args) {
final Thread thread1 = new Thread(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " is Running.");
}
},"T1");
final Thread thread2 = new Thread(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
try {
thread1.join();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
System.out.println("join thread1 failed");
}
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " is Running.");
}
},"T2");
Thread thread3 = new Thread(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
try {
thread2.join();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
System.out.println("join thread1 failed");
}
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " is Running.");
}
},"T3");
thread3.start();
thread2.start();
thread1.start();
}
我们在thread2中等待thread1执行完,然后在thread3中等待thread2执行完。那么整体的执行顺序就是:
T1 is Running.
T2 is Running.
T3 is Running.
使用CountDownLatch
CountDownLatch是Java并发库中的一个同步辅助类,它允许一个或多个线程等待其他线程完成操作。我们可以借助他来让三个线程之间相互通信,以达到顺序执行的目的。
public class CountDownLatchThreadExecute {
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
// 创建CountDownLatch对象,用来做线程通信
CountDownLatch latch = new CountDownLatch(1);
CountDownLatch latch2 = new CountDownLatch(1);
CountDownLatch latch3 = new CountDownLatch(1);
// 创建并启动线程T1
Thread t1 = new Thread(new MyThread(latch), "T1");
t1.start();
// 等待线程T1执行完
latch.await();
// 创建并启动线程T2
Thread t2 = new Thread(new MyThread(latch2), "T2");
t2.start();
// 等待线程T2执行完
latch2.await();
// 创建并启动线程T3
Thread t3 = new Thread(new MyThread(latch3), "T3");
t3.start();
// 等待线程T3执行完
latch3.await();
}
}
class MyThread implements Runnable {
private CountDownLatch latch;
public MyThread(CountDownLatch latch) {
this.latch = latch;
}
@Override
public void run() {
try {
// 模拟执行任务
Thread.sleep(1000);
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " is Running.");
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
// 完成一个线程,计数器减1
latch.countDown();
}
}
}
主要就是想办法让编排三个子线程的主线程阻塞,保证T1执行完再启动T2,T2执行完再启动T3。而这个编排的方式就是想办法知道什么时候子线程执行完,就可以通过CountDownLatch实现。
基于相同的原理, 我们还可以借助CyclicBarrier和Semaphore实现此功能:
public class CyclicBarrierThreadExecute {
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException, BrokenBarrierException {
// 创建CyclicBarrier对象,用来做线程通信
CyclicBarrier barrier = new CyclicBarrier(2);
// 创建并启动线程T1
Thread t1 = new Thread(new MyThread(barrier), "T1");
t1.start();
// 等待线程T1执行完
barrier.await();
// 创建并启动线程T2
Thread t2 = new Thread(new MyThread(barrier), "T2");
t2.start();
// 等待线程T2执行完
barrier.await();
// 创建并启动线程T3
Thread t3 = new Thread(new MyThread(barrier), "T3");
t3.start();
// 等待线程T3执行完
barrier.await();
}
}
class MyThread implements Runnable {
private CyclicBarrier barrier;
public MyThread(CyclicBarrier barrier) {
this.barrier = barrier;
}
@Override
public void run() {
try {
// 模拟执行任务
Thread.sleep(1000);
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " is Running.");
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
// 等待其他线程完成
try {
barrier.await();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
借助Semaphore
实现此功能:
public class SemaphoreThreadExecute {
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
// 创建Semaphore对象,用来做线程通信
Semaphore semaphore = new Semaphore(1);
// 等待线程T1执行完
semaphore.acquire();
// 创建并启动线程T1
Thread t1 = new Thread(new MyThread(semaphore), "T1");
t1.start();
// 等待线程T2执行完
semaphore.acquire();
// 创建并启动线程T2
Thread t2 = new Thread(new MyThread(semaphore), "T2");
t2.start();
// 等待线程T3执行完
semaphore.acquire();
// 创建并启动线程T3
Thread t3 = new Thread(new MyThread(semaphore), "T3");
t3.start();
}
}
class MyThread implements Runnable {
private Semaphore semaphore;
public MyThread(Semaphore semaphore) {
this.semaphore = semaphore;
}
@Override
public void run() {
try {
// 模拟执行任务
Thread.sleep(1000);
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " is Running.");
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
// 释放许可证,表示完成一个线程
semaphore.release();
}
}
}
使用线程池
了解线程池的开发者都知道,线程池内部是使用了队列来存储任务的,所以线程的执行顺序会按照任务的提交顺序执行的,但是如果是多个线程同时执行的话,是保证不了先后顺序的,因为可能先提交的后执行了。但是我们可以定义一个只有一个线程的线程池,然后依次的将T1,T2,T3提交给他执行:
public class ThreadPoolThreadExecute {
public static void main(String[] args) {
// 创建线程池
ExecutorService executor = Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor();
// 创建并启动线程T1
executor.submit(new MyThread("T1"));
// 创建并启动线程T2
executor.submit(new MyThread("T2"));
// 创建并启动线程T3
executor.submit(new MyThread("T3"));
// 关闭线程池
executor.shutdown();
}
}
class MyThread implements Runnable {
private String name;
public MyThread(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
@Override
public void run() {
try {
// 模拟执行任务
Thread.sleep(1000);
System.out.println(name + " is Running.");
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
使用CompletableFuture
Java 8引入了CompletableFuture,它是一个用于异步编程的新的强大工具。CompletableFuture提供了一系列的方法,可以用来创建、组合、转换和管理异步任务,并且可以让你实现异步流水线,在多个任务之间轻松传递结果。
如以下实现方式:
public class CompletableFutureThreadExecute {
public static void main(String[] args) {
// 创建CompletableFuture对象
CompletableFuture<Void> future1 = CompletableFuture.runAsync(new MyThread("T1"));
// 等待线程T1完成
future1.join();
// 创建CompletableFuture对象
CompletableFuture<Void> future2 = CompletableFuture.runAsync(new MyThread("T2"));
// 等待线程T2完成
future2.join();
// 创建CompletableFuture对象
CompletableFuture<Void> future3 = CompletableFuture.runAsync(new MyThread("T3"));
// 等待线程T3完成
future3.join();
}
}
class MyThread implements Runnable {
private String name;
public MyThread(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
@Override
public void run() {
try {
// 模拟执行任务
Thread.sleep(1000);
System.out.println(name + " is Running.");
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
上面的代码还可以做一些优化:
public class CompletableFutureThreadExecute {
public static void main(String[] args) throws ExecutionException, InterruptedException {
// 创建CompletableFuture对象
CompletableFuture<Void> future = CompletableFuture.runAsync(new MyThread("T1")).thenRun(new MyThread("T2")).thenRun(new MyThread("T3"));
future.get();
}
}
class MyThread implements Runnable {
private String name;
public MyThread(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
@Override
public void run() {
try {
// 模拟执行任务
Thread.sleep(1000);
System.out.println(name + " is Running.");
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}